A cyst is a sac-like structure that can develop in any part of the body and contain fluid, air, or other substances. They can be benign or malignant, and the size and location of the cyst can vary greatly. Cysts are common and can develop in anyone, regardless of age, gender, or lifestyle.
Symptoms of cyst
The symptoms of a cyst can vary depending on the type and location of the cyst. Some common symptoms include:
- A bump or lump under the skin that is usually not painful
- A dull or sharp pain near the cyst
- Redness, swelling, or warmth in the area of the cyst
- Drainage of fluid from the cyst, which may be clear, cloudy, or bloody
- A feeling of fullness or pressure near the cyst
It’s important to note that many cysts are asymptomatic and do not cause any noticeable symptoms.
What causes cyst?
Cysts can develop for many different reasons, including:
- Clogged oil glands in the skin: These can result in sebaceous cysts, which are common on the face, neck, and trunk.
- Infections: Certain infections, such as bacterial or fungal infections, can lead to the development of cysts.
- Trauma: Injuries to the skin or underlying tissues can cause cysts to develop.
- Genetics: Some types of cysts, such as ovarian cysts, are hereditary and can be passed down from generation to generation.
- Abnormal growths: Certain types of cysts, such as dermoid cysts, are the result of abnormal growths in the body.
Types of cysts
Cysts can develop in different parts of the body and can vary in size, shape, and contents. Here are some of the common types of cysts:
- Sebaceous cysts: small, benign cysts that form from the sebaceous glands that produce oil for the skin.
- Ovarian cysts: fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries and are common in women of reproductive age.
- Epidermoid cysts: cysts that form in the upper layers of skin and are commonly found on the face, neck, and trunk.
- Dermoid cysts: cysts that contain tissues such as hair, skin, and oil and can occur anywhere on the body.
- Ganglion cysts: fluid-filled cysts that develop along the tendons or joints of the hands, feet, and wrists.
- Thyroid cysts: fluid-filled sacs that can develop in the thyroid gland and may be benign or malignant.
- Kidney cysts: cysts that develop in the kidneys and can range in size from tiny to several inches in diameter.
- Bartholin’s cysts: cysts that develop near the Bartholin’s glands located near the vaginal opening.
- Baker’s cysts: fluid-filled cysts that develop behind the knee and can cause swelling and discomfort.
- Pilonidal cysts: cysts that form near the tailbone and contain hair and skin debris.
- Cystic hygromas: cysts that develop from the lymphatic system and can occur anywhere on the body.
- Mucoceles: cysts that form from blocked salivary glands and can occur in the mouth or on the lips.
- Dermal cysts: cysts that form from the skin and can occur anywhere on the body.
Who’s affected by cyst?
Cysts can develop in anyone, regardless of age, gender, or lifestyle. However, some groups of people may be at a higher risk of developing cysts, including:
- Women: Women are more likely to develop certain types of cysts, such as ovarian cysts.
- Older adults: As people age, they may be more likely to develop cysts due to changes in their skin and underlying tissues.
- People with weakened immune systems: Those with weakened immune systems may be more susceptible to infections that can lead to the development of cysts.
Diagnosing cyst
The diagnosis of a cyst typically begins with a physical examination and review of the patient’s medical history. If necessary, the following diagnostic tests may be performed to confirm the presence of a cyst:
- Ultrasound: This test uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the inside of the body, which can help determine the size, location, and type of cyst.
- CT scan: This test uses X-rays and computer technology to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.
- Biopsy: In some cases, a small sample of the cyst may be taken for laboratory analysis to determine whether it is malignant or benign.
Treating cyst
The treatment for a cyst depends on various factors, including the size, location, and contents of the cyst, as well as the symptoms it may be causing. Here are some of the most common treatments for cysts:
- Observation: For small, benign cysts that are not causing symptoms, observation may be the best course of action. The cyst may disappear on its own over time.
- Drainage: If the cyst is causing discomfort or pain, draining the fluid from the cyst can provide relief. This can be done through a small incision in the cyst or by using a needle to puncture the cyst and drain the fluid.
- Surgery: For larger cysts or cysts that are causing significant symptoms, surgery may be necessary. This can involve removing the entire cyst, or just the wall of the cyst if it is not causing any problems.
- Medications: In some cases, antibiotics or other medications may be prescribed to treat an infected cyst or to prevent infection following surgery.
- Hormonal therapy: Hormonal therapy may be recommended for some types of cysts, such as ovarian cysts, that are related to hormonal imbalances.
It’s important to work with a healthcare provider or doctor to determine the best treatment plan for a cyst. In some cases, additional tests, such as a biopsy, may be necessary to determine the cause and type of the cyst and the most appropriate treatment options.